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first aid 1882053 - aebopleidingen, CC0

"First aid" refers to the measures to be taken in an emergency until the arrival of the ambulance or doctor.

In principle, there is a legal obligation in Germany to provide assistance in the emergency situation. Failure to provide this emergency assistance can result in a monetary or imprisonment sentence. So you should know how to do that. If you want to buy a driver's license in Germany, you have to take a course "first aid." Only then will you get the driver's license after passing the driving test.

1. Pay attention to safety
In a stressful situation, you often lose sight of your own safety. However, this does not help anyone. Make sure you can help without getting yourself in danger. In road traffic, secure the vehicle by turning on the warning link system, yourself through a warning vest and the accident site with a warning triangle.

2. Check reaction
Are there injured people? Note: The injured person should sit or lie at any assistance. The first responder puts or kneels in front of or next to the injured person in such a way that he can constantly monitor him. Check if the victim is responsive by addressing, lightly tapping the cheek or careful shaking. Try to protect the victim from cold or heat, depending on the weather. Check the pulse on either the wrist or neck.

3. Crelish emergency call (112)
Choose 112 immediately. The emergency call number 112 applies in all European countries. If you are already busy with the victim, ask other people for help.
In the case of the 112 emergency call, the following information must be provided:
Where is the emergency site?
What happened?
How many people are injured?
What injuries?
Waiting for inquiries!

4. Open respiratory tract
Exit your head to allow the airways to lie open. Hold your ear directly over the mouth area to check breathing.

5. Missing breathing-mouth to mouth ventilation
Carefully turn the victim's body on his back. Kneel side-by-side at head height next to the victim. Now grab the victim's forehead with one hand, with the other under the chin and bend your head to the neck to stretch over the neck. Then give two breathing donations through the victim's nose or mouth. Then check the pulse. You can also put your ear on the rib cage and hear after the heartbeat.

6. Breathing present, pulse palpable
Here you can rotate the person into a stable side position. To do this, they kneel, for example, at the hip height of the victim. Slide his near arm as much as possible stretched under his body. Then place the foot of the nearby leg on his buttocks. Grasp the shoulder and hip of the far side and turn the victim to yourself in the process. The leg serves as a support. Place the fingers of the upper arm under the cheek to stabilize. Make sure that the airways are free and there is no risk of suffocation should the patient pass himself arises by gathering fluid in the mouth. To do this, stretch the head in the neck over and turn the face to earth. Monitor the signs of life. Talk reassuringly and comforting to the victim. Tell him help is coming right away.

7. No breathing and no pulse
Start with the cardiac pressure massage vigorously and quickly. For this, kneel sideways next to the victim. Remove or open the clothes on the rib cage. Place a hand with the bale between the victim's nipples. Place the other hand over it and press with all the power of your upper body. Caution: In infants, it is better to be a little less powerful, so that no ribs are broken. 30 heart compressions follow 2 two breathing donations. To your reassurance: Even as an inexperienced first responder, you don't go wrong.

8. Severe bleeding
Almost all bleeding wounds can be breastfed by intense external pressure. You must not touch wounds, not wash them or treat with ointment etc. In the case of a severely bleeding wound, you must press with a clean, sterile cloth, depending on the size of the wound, or create a pressure bandage with the help of bandage patches. Breastfeeding a severely bleeding wound always takes precedence to reduce blood loss.

9. Shock position
If the victim's facial skin is cold, pale and pale, the pulse is faster and weakening, then a shock position is to be established. The victim lies on his back, lifting and holding his legs vertically, then placing a suitable piece of luggage under his legs and protecting it from heat loss by a blanket.

Questions and answers

Inexperienced first responders often wonder if they can do any harm. Heart specialists say that it is better to press prefer something more than something less when the chest compressions. In an emergency, a rib could be broken though, but the sufferer is alive.

Yes definitely. Just the first few minutes can be vital. Always accompany the chest compressions with ventilation.